品管制度自1924 年Shewhart 第一張管制圖迄今歷經780 年，品管方法從 統計之品管演變成全面品質管理。影響企業推動品管所涉及之構面因素，不外 乎(1)高階主管的角色， (2)員工的參與， (3)與供應商關係，(4)顧客的滿意度， (5) 教育訓練， (6)製程管理的程度， (7)品管部門在組織中的地位， (8)品管技術等。 本研究根線自行車產業對以上構面之重視程度，以集群分析將品質管理分類， 發現品質管理其實可分成品檢驗型、製程管制型及系統規劃型等三種類型，也 就是說企業因組織型態及對品管構面之重視程度不同，應採用不同之品質管理 類型，才能提高其品質管理之績效，並非以相同晶質管理制度放諸天下皆準。

Quality control system has been applied for about eighty years since Shewhart's control chart first proposed in 1924. The method of quality control (QC) has evolved from SQC to total quality management (TQM) The fundamental factors affecting promotion of QC in enterprises include (l)the roles of high rank executives, (2)the participation of employees, (3)the relations with suppliers, (4)the satisfaction of customers, (5)the training & education of employees, (6) the training & education of management of manufacturing process, (7)the position of QC department in organization, and (8)the technology of QC According to the degree of emphasis on above-mentioned factors in bicycle industry, this study categorized the quality management (QM) by cluster analysis in types of finished goods inspection, manufacturing process control, and system management ln other words, owing to the difference of organizations structure and the degree of emphasis on items of QC, enterprises should adopt their own suitable types of QM rather than a generic one to enhance their QC performance.

企業要有競爭力才能永續經營，而任何企業所採取之管理策略及方法都會因其組織文化、組織大小等等之不同而不同，企業要永續經營，首先其產品品質必須滿足顧客的需求，而品質管理則是用來控制產品品質最好之方法。雖然品管的理論放諸天下皆準，但如何以最有效的品管方法來控制產品品質則是企業經營首要之選擇。根據作者之驗證，企業所採取之管理策略，必須要有適當的品管類型與之配合才能獲得最佳之品質綜效。本研究之目的係將品質管理類型依其管理屬性之不同，在理論上加以分類，並提供企業執行品質管理之參考。